When it comes to manufacturing, laser cutting has been a game-changer in several fields thanks to its versatility and adaptability. Laser cutting has become immensely popular because it allows wielders to carve out one-of-a-kind pieces of metal with pinpoint accuracy by projecting a concentrated beam of heat. Laser cutting, however, can’t be used on everything.

Every material uniquely responds to laser processing. Some can be safely sliced with a laser, while others give off hazardous fumes or easily catch fire. Wood, plastics, paper, leather, glass, foam, metals, and textiles are some materials that can benefit from laser cutting. By carefully adjusting the laser’s settings, you can produce clean, precise cuts every time.

While lasers can cut a wide range of materials, not everything should be put through one. When using a laser cutter, you must know about the potential dangers associated with the materials you might be cutting. So, what materials can you use with laser cutters?

What Materials Are Suitable For Laser Cutters?

Laser cutting has several benefits, and one of the major ones is the wide variety of materials it can cut. Wood, acrylic, leather, textiles, rubber, paper, and metal are some materials you can cut with precision and ease by adjusting the laser cutter’s speed, power, and duration.

From our experience, the best materials that are suitable to use with laser cutters are the following – 

1. Wood 

Whenever we are talking about laser cutting and engraving, wood is a go-to material. However, among our clients, wood is primarily popular among amateur woodworkers. Even experts use cutting tools to create unique items, personalize presents, and carve intricate patterns. A thinner section will do the trick if you need to cut through it.

Alder, poplar, cedar, basswood, pine, walnut, birch, cherry, mahogany, maple, and oak are some of the most excellent types of wood for laser cutting and engraving. However, more than natural wood, plywood and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) benefit from laser processing. From our experience, avoiding using oily or resinous lumber is best, as it poses a fire hazard.

2. Different Types of Metals

Generally, what comes to mind when you think about laser cutting in an industrial setting? Yes, different types of metals! A metal laser cutter can quickly work on metals like mild steel, non-ferrous metal, and stainless steel. The most common, however, has to be iron and steel. 

Metals with higher reflectivity, such as aluminum, are more challenging to cut. Fibre lasers excel in these kinds of uses. Some laser cutters can handle metal up to 30 mm thick, varying depending on the machine’s capabilities. If you look at this video, it’s easy to see how versatile laser cutters are at cutting different types of metals super smoothly:

3. Plastics and Acrylics 

Plastics and acrylics are common materials that our clients use laser cutters to cut and engrave. These synthetic materials can be found in various hues, textures, and sheens. With a laser, you can get a clean cut and a shiny finish on them and create stunning works of art. 

Banners, sculptures, paintings, and jewelry are only a few things you can create with plastic and acrylic. Acrylics are also more versatile than wood in color and texture options.

4. Leather and Textile Materials

Laser-cutting leather is a challenging but rewarding venture if you learn the ropes. It’s an expensive material, but it produces beautiful results. We can make belts, bags, accessories, wallets, and even works of art. Always use the correct fasteners to keep the leather from stretching.

Although not standard, cutting fabric with laser cutters can be a form of digital embroidery. We were able to get similar results within a shorter time! Other than leather, nylon, cotton, polyester, and silk are some textile materials you can use. 

5. Glass

Given its fragility and reflecting properties, cutting a glass with a laser can be difficult. Even though it is tough, you can use a laser cutter to cut glass.

Due to the reflective nature of the material, however, we suggest that only experienced operators should attempt it. The laser cutter should also have robust cooling systems to cut glass, like water jet laser cutters. 

What Materials Should You Avoid Using Laser Cutters With? 

It may be a common misconception, but laser cutters aren’t infallible tools that can cut through every material. They may be powerful, but they also have limitations that make them unsuitable for specific materials. We advise that it’s best to avoid cutting the following materials with laser cutters: 

1. PVC

PVC is the more popular abbreviation for polyvinyl chloride, a material widespread in industrial settings. When hit by a laser, this polymer breaks down into chlorine gas. First and foremost, the toxic gas can cause serious irritation and even burn the respiratory system, the eyes, the nose, and the skin. 

To add insult to injury, the gas itself is acidic. So, it poses a threat to the machine’s metal structure. It’s not just the machine but also the laser that can be damaged. Therefore, we suggest you never attempt to cut or engrave PVC if you value the machine’s longevity and safety. Check out this video to find out why PVC is a must to avoid when using laser cutters: 

2. ABS

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is another material we suggest strictly avoiding cutting with a laser. The second you put it under a laser to cut it through, it will release deadly cyanide gas, which can be fatal in large enough doses. 

Typically, the laser beam’s intensity will cause the substance to vaporize. However, ABS prevents this as well. It melts quickly, making a mess on the work surface and producing cuts that don’t impress anyone.

3. Polycarbonate

Thinner than 1mm polycarbonate may be easily cut using a laser cutter. Even so, there’s always a chance of getting patches of discoloration over the finished product. 

Laser cutting has little effect on polycarbonate because of its unique ability to absorb infrared and CO2 laser beams. Besides, there’s always the risk of a fire. Our advice would be never to use a laser cutter to slice polycarbonate.

結論

Precision, adaptability, and speed are just some reasons laser cutters have become such a popular and reliable method of cutting materials. Although the laser cutter machine is highly adaptable, it does have some limitations. 

So, what materials can you use with laser cutters? For those looking for an easy answer, we list the most suitable materials for the machine and the materials best to avoid. Thanks for reading till now.